On April 3, 2025, the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) issued a landmark ruling: adults will be allowed to grow and possess cannabis for personal use without being prosecuted. This marks a significant step in the country’s drug policy and could have international repercussions.
The court argued that the ban on cannabis for personal use violates privacy and personal freedom – a fundamental right enshrined in the Brazilian constitution. Brazil is thus following countries such as Canada, Uruguay and Germany, which have already implemented similar reforms.
What exactly did the court decide?
The key points of the judgment
Adults may possess and cultivate cannabis as long as it is for personal use.
No prosecution for consumers who stay within the legal limits.
Commercial sale remains prohibited, only home cultivation is allowed.
The exact quantity limits still have to be determined by the legislature.
Why is the judgment so important?
Brazil has a long history of harsh drug policies, especially under the previous government. This ruling could be a domino effect for further reforms, such as the legalization of medical cannabis or even regulated distribution.
Impact on society and politics
Relief for the judiciary and police
Until now, thousands of people have been convicted for small amounts of cannabis, which has overburdened the justice system. Decriminalization will free up resources to focus on more serious crimes.
Influence on the international drug war
Brazil is an important player in Latin America. This ruling could influence other countries such as Mexico or Colombia to rethink their drug laws.
Economic opportunities?
If Brazil considers commercial legalization in the future, this could create a huge legal cannabis market – similar to the USA or Canada.
Criticism and counterarguments
Despite the progress, there are also concerns:
Health risks: Opponents argue that cannabis is a gateway drug.
Regulatory gap: Without clear quantity limits, abuse could occur.
Political resistance: Conservative groups could try to block the ruling.
What comes next?
The STF’s decision is just the beginning. Now the Brazilian Congress must establish clear rules, in particular on:
Maximum quantities for possession and cultivation
Control mechanisms to prevent illegal trade
Opportunities for medicinal cannabis
Conclusion
The ruling is a milestone for the cannabis movement in Brazil. It shows that attitudes towards drugs are changing worldwide. Whether full legalization will be achieved now depends on politics.
Source: https://norml.org/news/2025/04/03/brazil-supreme-court-affirms-adults-can-possess-grow-marijuana-for-personal-use/